Abstract
<jats:p>Abstract Purpose. To develop and implement an irrigation therapy method for treating posterior segment eye pathologies in children in clinical practice. Materials and methods. The study included experimental and clinical parts. In the experimental part, the following were studied: pharmacokinetics of fluorescein after administration into the retrobulbar and Tenon spaces in rabbits, assessed using fluorescent angiography; effectiveness of different administration regimens of radioactive NaI into the retrobulbar space; single injection versus fractional administration via a catheter and an automatic dispenser. Residual drug concentration in eye tissues was measured after one hour; histological examination of tissues in contact with fluorescein to assess method safety. In the clinical part, 212 patients with inflammatory and traumatic posterior segment lesions were examined. They were divided into three groups based on the method of drug administration: Fractional administration via an irrigation system with an automatic dispenser. Multiple administrations via an irrigation system performed by medical staff. Single retrobulbar injection. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the practical significance and implementation of methods for administering medications into the retrobulbar space, developed by the Department of Ophthalmology of N.I. Pirogov University, in the clinical practice of ophthalmological hospitals. The study was carried out at Institute of Maternity and Childhood and Russian Children's Clinical Hospital of N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. Results. Fluorescent angiography showed that retrobulbar administration of fluorescein led to contrast appearance in fundus vessels within 10 seconds, but the concentration rapidly declined. Administration into the Tenon space resulted in a slower contrast appearance (5 minutes), with fluorescence persisting for over an hour. Radiopharmacological experiments revealed that fractional NaI administration via a catheter maintained higher residual drug concentration than a single injection. Histological analysis confirmed no tissue damage from the tested doses. Clinically, fractional drug administration via an irrigation system provided the best therapeutic effect and sustained drug concentration in posterior segment tissues. Conclusions. Irrigation therapy is an effective method for treating posterior segment eye diseases in children, ensuring high therapeutic drug concentrations and improving treatment outcomes for inflammatory and traumatic lesions. The method has been successfully implemented into the practical activities of children's ophthalmological hospitals in Moscow. Keywords: irrigation therapy, posterior segment of the eye, fluorescein, pharmacokinetics, radiopharmaceuticals, histological examination, pediatric ophthalmology, acute inflammatory diseases, trauma treatment, retrobulbar administration</jats:p>