Abstract
<jats:p>The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the concepts of functional and action-oriented activity within architectural public spaces integrated into the structure of religious buildings across various faiths and denominations. It explores architectural solutions that enable the combination of religious, social, cultural-educational, memorial, and recreational functions within a single temple complex. The study is based on examples of sacred architecture implemented in the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries in countries such as Brazil, Finland, Japan, Taiwan, the Czech Republic, Norway, Germany, Italy, the United States, Canada, and Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to spatial flexibility, the transformability of architectural solutions, integration of religious buildings into the urban fabric, as well as the principles of polyvalence and openness of sacred environments. It has been established that contemporary temples are no longer limited solely to sacred functions but are increasingly becoming centers of community life, providing conditions for social dialogue, educational activities, artistic events, interfaith understanding, and interaction. Special focus is given to the relevance of the research in the Ukrainian context — amidst wartime and post-war reconstruction. The study demonstrates that religious buildings can and should play a crucial role in community consolidation, providing psychological and social support, and facilitating volunteer and charitable initiatives. In conclusion, the article identifies the key features of the functional and action-oriented concept of the 21st-century temple: spatial adaptability, architectural minimalism, inclusiveness, transparency and openness, integration with the surrounding environment, use of innovative technologies, multifunctionality, and accessibility for a wide range of users.</jats:p>