Abstract
<jats:p>Chemotherapy is widely used in the treatment of malignant neoplasms but is associated with significant adverse effects, such as oral mucositis (OM), which compromises patient’ quality of life. This review aims to analyze the main chemotherapy regimens associated with the occurrence of oral mucositis (OM), as well as the main agents involved in the development of lesions. This integrative review was conducted between March and May 2025, searching the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases. Nine clinical studies were selected that analyzed different chemotherapy regimens and OM classifications according to the WHO, NCI-CTCAE, and JCOG scales. The highest incidence of OM was observed in protocols with antimetabolites (such as 5-FU and methotrexate), alkylating agents (such as melphalan), and monoclonal antibodies (such as panitumumab and cetuximab). The severity of the lesions varied according to the protocol, dosage, number of cycles, and clinical status of the patient. Therefore, the role of the dentist in the multidisciplinary oncology care team becomes essential for the prevention and effective management of OM during chemotherapy. Keywords: Oral Mucositis, Chemotherapy Protocols, Monoclonal Antibody.</jats:p>