Abstract
<jats:p>The article offers a comprehensive diagnostic approach to the structural and functional components of metacognitive sphere in adolescents from neurophysiological, cognitive, behavioral, and personal-meaning perspectives. The research objective was to develop an integral indicator of metacognitive development. The study involved 112 students from Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, who were tested for cognitive functions (MMSE, FAB), coping strategies (R. Lazarus’ Ways of Coping Questionary), life-purpose orientations (D. A. Leontiev’s method), and psychophysiological indicators (Status PF). The tests revealed two key factors of metacognitive regulation: the life meaningfulness characterized personal reflexivity while the neurodynamic plasticity reflected the biology of cognitive flexibility. Significant correlations existed between life meaningfulness, adaptive coping strategies, and neurodynamic indicators. The resulting integral formula for assessing the level of metacognitive regulation integrated value-meaning, behavioral, and psychophysiological parameters. The formula consisted of life meaningfulness, metacognitive coping strategies, and neurodynamic plasticity, which made it possible to classify the participants based on their metacognitive skill development. Metacognition requires a holistic approach from both biological and psychological perspectives. While highlighting the mechanisms of metacognitive sphere formation in adolescents, the study offers practical tools for psychological support and personality development. The findings can be applied in educational and clinical practice to enhance self-regulation, cognitive flexibility, and psychological well-being in teenagers.</jats:p>