Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p> Background Antibiotic resistance remains a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries where hygiene conditions are still precarious and the use of antibiotics is often abused and poorly controlled. In order to contribute to the development of strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance, we conducted a cross-sectional study with the general objective of determining the antibiotic resistance phenotypes of the bacteria responsible for gastrointestinal infections. Method Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from the survey forms. Bacteria were identified using morpho-cultural characteristics and biochemical tests in the API 20E gallery. Susceptibility testing of isolated strains was carried out using the agar disk diffusion method. The synergy test and the algorithm were used to detect the phenotypes. Results In the course of the study, 101 stool samples were collected and examined, with 32 cases of gastrointestinal infections, representing a prevalence of 31.68%. Among the bacteria isolated, <italic>E. coli</italic> predominated (59.38%), followed by <italic>Salmonella</italic> (34.36%). Strain resistance to amoxicillin was very high, particularly in <italic>E. coli</italic> and <italic>Salmonella</italic> , at 78.95% and 54.55% respectively. Chloramphenicol, imipenem and amikacin were the most active molecules. Among the phenotypes identified, carbapenemases were the most common, with a rate of 25% in <italic>E. coli</italic> , followed by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) at 15.60% in <italic>Salmonella</italic> . Conclusion Our results provide a data into the management of gastrointestinal diseases and guide the clinician in the fight against the emergence of future forms of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials through the resistance mechanism identified. </p>