Hamiltonian Full Node Coverage Graph Attention Network with Fuzzy C-Means Superpixel Graph Learning for Banana Leaf Disease Classification

<title>Abstract</title> <p>The classification of banana leaf disease has a large impact on agricultural output and relies heavily on timely early detection, with reliability as a fundamental component of effective crop management. The framework proposed in this study comprises a Hamiltonian Full Node Coverage Graph Attention Network (HFNC-GAT) and Fuzzy C-Means super pixel graph learning to explain the classification of banana leaf diseases. The HFNC-GAT allows for the representation of segmented leaf areas as the nodes in a graph. This framework also makes optimal use of an attention learning model to represent the spatial dependence of diseased leaf regions, allowing it to leverage both local and global spatial dependencies. The HFNC-GAT was demonstrated through observed experiments to achieve high performance with 96.11 and 94.19 accuracy, 0.9111 Cohen's Kappa, 0.9111 MCC, 0.9344 F2-score, and 0.9939 ROC-AUC compared to the performance of conventional CNN, GCN, and baseline GAT models.</p>