Dynamics of a fractional reaction–diffusion epidemic model

<title>Abstract</title> <p> We investigate the global dynamics of a spatiotemporal epidemic model with regional fractional diffusion, nonlocal asymptomatic transmission, crowding-dependent disease incidence, and periodic intermittent treatment. The proposed model captures the combined effects of long-range dispersal, hidden infection pathways, population crowding, and time-dependent intervention strategies. By combining semigroup theory with robust L ^p estimates, we establish the global existence, uniqueness, positivity, uniform boundedness, and asymptotic behavior of classical solutions. To complement the theoretical analysis and provide further insight into the model dynamics, numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the effects of the fractional diffusion order, nonlocal asymptomatic transmission, intermittent treatment, and population crowding. </p>