Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p> The global space sector is expanding rapidly, increasing the amount of rocket exhaust injected into all atmospheric layers. However, the magnitude, chemical composition, and atmospheric distribution of launch emissions remain poorly quantified, limiting assessments of their effects on atmospheric chemistry, ozone, and climate. In this work we present the Inventory of Global Emissions by Launcher (IGEL) for 2024, a comprehensive dataset of rocket launch emissions based on reconstructed launch vehicles, propulsion systems, and individual launch trajectories. The dataset covers 223 launches and 25 launch vehicles, representing more than 95% of the total propellant burned in orbital launches in 2024. Engine-specific primary exhaust indices are derived from propulsion modelling and combined with three-dimensional propellant use profiles from individual trajectories to generate launch-resolved primary exhaust and final emission distributions. These distributions are combined to one global inventory, provided as a global, gridded NetCDF dataset with monthly temporal resolution. The inventory comprises 110 kt of primary exhaust, corresponding to 131 kt of final emissions. Final emissions are dominated by carbon dioxide and water vapor, with total masses of 71 kt CO <sub>2</sub> and 45 kt H <sub>2</sub> O, followed by 7.7 kt CO, 810 t Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> , 700 t black carbon, and 720 t NO. Emissions are distributed across all atmospheric layers, with approximately 40% released in the troposphere, 30% in the stratosphere, and 30% above the stratosphere. By providing species-, launcher-, and altitude-resolved emissions together with an accompanying custom inventory generator, IGEL 2024 offers a consistent and reproducible basis for atmospheric chemistry-climate modelling and climate impact assessments. </p>