Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p>Motivated by the 2020-2023 triple-dip La Niña event, with central Pacific (CP) events in 2020 and 2022 bracketing an eastern Pacific (EP) event in 2021, we examine how La Niña diversity impacts Pacific teleconnections. Although CP/EP El Niño diversity and its atmospheric impacts are well studied, comparable distinctions among La Niña events remain less developed. Using observations, reanalysis, and ocean model output, we characterise the seasonal evolution of CP and EP La Niña events in oceanic structure, atmospheric circulation, rainfall, and biological productivity. CP La Niña events exhibit broader meridional and stronger equatorial Pacific cooling, enhanced western Pacific subsurface warming, and a stronger atmospheric zonal circulation, producing intensified rainfall over the Maritime Continent and northern Australia. EP La Niña events show confined eastern Pacific cooling that persists into austral autumn, alongside a weaker but longer-lived mid-latitude atmospheric response and enhanced South America rainfall. Our results highlight how distinguishing La Niña diversity could help resolve currently unconstrained impacts, including those associated with prolonged La Niña events under future warming.</p>