Anticoagulation Therapy for Venous Thromboembolism From Vitamin K Antagonists to Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Beyond

<title>Abstract</title> <p>Anticoagulation therapy for venous thromboembolism has shifted from vitamin K antagonists to direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). However, balancing thrombotic and bleeding risks remains a major challenge in the DOAC era. Emerging therapies, such as factor XI inhibitors, may expand treatment options, particularly for selected high-bleeding risk patients. Furthermore, future strategies will focus on precision anticoagulation through individualized assessment integrating genetic and clinical factors to better balance thrombotic and bleeding risks.</p>