Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p> <bold>Objective</bold> To investigate the expression and clinical significance of systemic inflammatory indices and serum CA-125 in endometriosis, and to compare their diagnostic efficacy. <bold>Methods</bold> Clinical data were collected from 252 patients with endometriosis (endometriosis group), 214 patients with endometriosis combined with adenomyosis (endometriosis + adenomyosis group), and 97 patients with benign ovarian tumors confirmed by postoperative histopathology (control group) treated at Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital from December 2021 to May 2024. Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and other systemic inflammatory indices as well as serum CA-125 levels were compared among the three groups. Their expression and diagnostic utility for adenomyosis and endometriosis were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of these markers. <bold>Results</bold> CA-125, PLR, and dNLR were significantly higher in the endometriosis + adenomyosis group than in the control group (P < 0.05). CA-125 and dNLR were significantly higher, while BLR was significantly lower in the endometriosis group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Serum CA-125 levels were significantly higher in patients with dysmenorrhea than in those without (P < 0.05). The optimal cutoff value of CA-125 for diagnosing endometriosis was 26.85, with a sensitivity of 79.6%, specificity of 82.9%, and Youden index of 0.625. <bold>Conclusion</bold> Serum CA-125 can serve as a serum biomarker for the auxiliary diagnosis of endometriosis, and its diagnostic efficacy is superior to that of systemic inflammatory indices. </p>