Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p>This study investigates the optimization and life cycle assessment (LCA) of oil extraction from spent coffee grounds (SCG) using n-Hexane, n-Heptane, and Ethanol as solvents within a Soxhlet extraction framework. Utilizing the Taguchi method for experimental optimization, the research critically analyzes extraction yields, kinetic efficiency, and thermodynamic viability to provide a detailed understanding of the dynamics specific to each solvent. Kinetic modeling employing a second-order model offers insights into the rate of oil release and the effectiveness of each solvent, while thermodynamic analyses including calculations of enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy illuminate the energy considerations of the extraction process. The findings indicate that n-Hexane exhibits superior efficiency, achieving the highest oil recovery and energy efficiency, whereas Ethanol demonstrates the lowest environmental impact. The LCA evaluates global warming potential (GWP), energy consumption, and resource depletion, identifying Ethanol as the most environmentally friendly solvent. This investigation contributes to the advancement of sustainable biodiesel production from SCG, highlighting the essential role of solvent selection in optimizing extraction processes and minimizing ecological impacts.</p>