Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p>In 2020, Arab countries hosted around 41.4 million migrants and refugees, representing nearly 15% of all international migrants and refugees worldwide. The majority were migrant laborers, but about 9.3 million refugees sought protection, including 3.6 million Syrians under the UNHCR and 5.7 million Palestine refugees with UNRWA. Many Arab nations and Turkey were among the first to receive a large influx of Syrian refugees, providing them with shelter, food, and education. Recently, however, anti-refugee sentiment has increased, with refugees being blamed for social and economic issues. Current theories suggest a link between pro-immigration attitudes and factors such as labor supply, earnings, gender, education, and religiosity. This paper aims to examine whether these theories apply to Arab countries and Turkey by analyzing the determinants of attitudes towards immigrants in these regions.</p>