Abstract
<jats:p>Modern resource policy, which governs the incorporation of mineral raw materials into economic circulation, is undergoing significant changes at both the international and national levels. Influence in the global arena is shifting from resource-owning countries to those possessing advanced technologies and successfully integrating the mineral resource sector into their economies. A new phenomenon is the emergence of tariff wars, aimed at protecting the unilateral advantages of leading consumer countries. Understanding these transformations is crucial for the effective utilization of Russia’s resource potential and the formulation of national development priorities. Within the present international context Russia’s resource policy is largely determined by the process of adaptation to external shocks. The policy aims at reorganizing economic institutions to preserve and strengthen sovereignty, promote alternative formats of international cooperation, and enhance the sustainability of internal development. The evolving trajectory of Russia’s resource policy reflects attempts to modify formal and informal institutions and adapt economic management and strategic decision-making systems in a constrained institutional environment. That includes rebalancing of previously established economic institutions in order to promote import substitution, diversify export routes, and restructure national production capacity. Investments in energy infrastructure and logistics, which expand production capacity while circumventing such institutional constraints as limited access to external markets and foreign technologies, are crucial for the success of such institutional adaptation. The imperative is development of national scientific and technological potential, which will enhance resilience to global challenges. Given the drop in capital outflow from Russia due to Western sanctions, the growth of non-oil and gas budget revenues, and the urgent need for investment in expansion and modernization of industrial production, the optimal economic course should combine strict monetary policy with targeted fiscal stimulus measures, within the framework of indicative planning and implementation of large national development.</jats:p>