Abstract
<jats:p>Research on the ethnic composition of population is gaining increasing importance in many countries, particularly in the context of immigration countries that often receive ethnically diverse populations. In contrast, countries facing negative demographic trends, such as emigration, low fertility rates, and advanced population ageing, frequently experience a decline in ethnic diversity and a shift toward ethnic homogenization. The analysis is based on census data used to calculate the Ethnic Fractionalization Index to identify current trends in ethnic diversity in Serbia. The results indicate that the population of Serbia is undergoing a reduction in ethnic diversity, reflecting a deepening process of ethnic homogenization due to unfavorable demographic processes. The significance of this study lies in its relevance for minority policy development and for a broader understanding of the position of minority communities within society, particularly in the context of long-term demographic change.</jats:p>