Abstract
<jats:p>The article examines the process of establishing supervisory courts in the Soviet Union in the first half of the 20th century. Based on the analysis of archival documents, the article reveals the gradual transformation of the Supreme Court of the USSR into the highest court for judicial supervision. The study establishes that judicial supervision in the Soviet Union consisted not only of reviewing court decisions that had entered into force, but also of summarizing judicial practice and providing guidance to lower courts. Special attention is given to the procedural and practical aspects of judicial supervision. The article notes that the judicial system, especially the activities of the Supreme Court of the USSR, was controlled by the Communist Party. This control was implemented through the approval of the composition of the highest judicial authority, the approval of directives for the courts, and the regular reporting of the courts to the party authorities.</jats:p>