Abstract
<jats:p>The textbook discusses the history and methodology of biology (typology and taxonomy). The article considers methodology as a factor in the development of science, theoretical means of analyzing science, and features of the methodology of biology. Within the framework of M.A. Rozov's concept, the program-subject disciplinary complex of biology is analyzed. Typological methodological programs such as meronomy and phenetics are described. The methodological programs of empirical and theoretical taxonomy are considered, the problems of the ontology of biological taxonomy are analyzed. General biological methodological programs of meronomy are described: anatomy, embryology, cytology, genetics. Meets the requirements of the latest generation of federal state educational standards for higher education. For researchers, graduate students, undergraduates and anyone interested in the problems of philosophy of science.</jats:p>