Abstract
<jats:p>More than thirty years after communism’s fall, Central and Eastern Europe still hosts hundreds of Red Army monuments. Initially, these monuments symbolized liberation from occupation and Soviet victory over Nazism, holding significance for some communities. However, they also reflect the painful memories of the communist regime and the presence of Soviet troops. While many were removed in the 1990s, others remain, sparking controversy and social divisions. The meaning of these monuments has evolved, influenced by shifting domestic and international contexts. Notably, the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 have reshaped historical policies in the region. This analysis focuses on Latvia, Poland, and the Czech Republic, highlighting how these countries are reconceptualizing Soviet monuments in response to Russian pressures and the need to reinforce national identity. The varied strategies stem from each country’s history and differing approaches to memory politics and identity.</jats:p>