The Pakistan–India Conflict—the United Nations, a “Soviet–Indian Naked Power Play,” Border Clashes and Escalation, Cutting Off Aid to India, Disputes with State, Pakistan’s Surprise Attack, Blaming India, Illegal Arms Shipments, Preventing “a Dismemberment of West Pakistan,” Coordinating with China, Pakistan’s Surrender and Gandhi’s Cease-fire; a Cuban Attack on a Suspect Freighter; and Massive Bombing of North Vietnam

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This chapter centers on the India–Pakistan war that followed the Pakistani dictatorship’s massacre in East Pakistan to stamp out the movement for autonomy there and U.S. policy and internal debates over it. Nixon and Kissinger supported Pakistan and, with the help of allies in Congress, cut off most U.S. military aid to India. Secretary of State Rogers was not convinced by Kissinger’s charge that India was the aggressor in the conflict and reluctant to cut off its aid. Kissinger was angry that State was not following Nixon’s pro-Pakistan policy. Nixon ordered a PR campaign blaming India for the war. Nixon and Kissinger got arms to Pakistan secretly and illegally through Iran and Jordan. But Pakistan ultimately surrendered in East Pakistan and India offered a cease-fire in West Pakistan. The chapter also discusses a Cuban gunboat’s seizure of a freighter operated by a Miami company owned by Cuban refugees and U.S. bombing of North Vietnam.</jats:p>