Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Since the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1983, there have been dramatic advances in the management of people living with the virus due to the availability of effective antiretroviral therapy. People living with HIV now have near-normal life expectancies. Despite these advances, people living with HIV experience a high level of symptoms. Symptoms can be direct effects of HIV, side effects of HIV treatment, or consequences of advanced disease. Throughout the world, advanced disease is still seen with late presentation of infection and/or poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Advanced HIV disease is associated with an impaired immune system, leading to a high risk of developing opportunistic infections and HIV-associated malignancies. Painful peripheral neuropathy occurs at all stages of HIV infection and is resistant to many neuropathic pain treatments. Regarding primary and other secondary immunodeficiencies, immunoglobulin treatment and vaccines are dictated by the risk/benefit ratio and patient discussion.</jats:p>