Infographic showing the layered stack of computing and hardware concepts from application software down to physics.The diagram illustrates layers of computing. At the top is 'Application Software' with a text box showing 'greater than hello world!'. Below is 'Operating Systems' with a laptop icon. 'Architecture' is represented with a grid of rectangles. 'Microarchitecture' shows two blocks with arrows between them. 'Logic' is depicted with a logic gate symbol. 'Digital Circuits' features a digital gate icon. 'Analog Circuits' is shown with an operational amplifier symbol. 'Devices' includes a transistor symbol. At the bottom, 'Physics' is represented with an atomic model.FPGA Implementation
Authors: David Harris, James Stine, Rose Thompson et al.
Publication: RISC-V System-on-Chip Design
Published: Jan 1, 2027
Source: Crossref
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Infographic showing the layered hierarchy of computer systems from application software down to physics.This infographic presents a top-to-bottom stack that explains how higher-level software depends on lower-level hardware and physical principles. The sections, in reading order from top to bottom, are: Application Software, Operating Systems, Architecture, Microarchitecture, Logic, Digital Circuits, Analog Circuits, Devices and Physics. Application Software includes a small code-style callout that reads greater than "hello world!". Operating Systems is paired with a laptop icon to represent the computer environment that runs applications. Architecture is illustrated with a block-like layout suggesting system organization. Microarchitecture is shown with two vertical blocks connected by two-way arrows, indicating internal data movement between components. Logic is represented by a rectangular logic block containing a plus sign. Digital Circuits is paired with a logic gate icon. Analog Circuits is paired with an operational amplifier symbol that includes plus and minus inputs. Devices is paired with a transistor-like schematic symbol. Physics is paired with an atom icon, indicating the physical foundation underlying electronic devices.Linux
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Read MoreA hierarchical diagram illustrating the layers of computer systems from physics to application software.The initial stage is depicted by physics with a flower symbol. Above it is Devices, depicted with a transistor symbol. Next is Analog Circuits, shown with an operational amplifier symbol. Digital Circuits follow, represented by a logic gate symbol. Logic is next, illustrated with a plus sign and lines. Micro-architecture is depicted with arrows and blocks. Architecture is represented by three horizontal bars. Operating Systems are shown with a laptop icon. At the top is Application Software, represented by the text '>"hello world!"'.Pipelined Core
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Read MoreA hierarchical diagram illustrating the layers of computer systems from physics to application software.The initial stage is depicted by physics with a flower symbol. Above it is Devices, depicted with a transistor symbol. Next is Analog Circuits, shown with an operational amplifier symbol. Digital Circuits follow, represented by a logic gate symbol. Logic is next, illustrated with a plus sign and lines. Micro-architecture is depicted with arrows and blocks. Architecture is represented by three horizontal bars. Operating Systems are shown with a laptop icon. At the top is Application Software, represented by the text '>"hello world!"'.Extensions: A (Atomic)
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Read MoreA hierarchical diagram illustrating the layers of computer systems from physics to application software.The initial stage is depicted by physics with a flower symbol. Above it is Devices, depicted with a transistor symbol. Next is Analog Circuits, shown with an operational amplifier symbol. Digital Circuits follow, represented by a logic gate symbol. Logic is next, illustrated with a plus sign and lines. Micro-architecture is depicted with arrows and blocks. Architecture is represented by three horizontal bars. Operating Systems are shown with a laptop icon. At the top is Application Software, represented by the text "hello world!".Extensions: M (Multiply and Divide)
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