Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p> This contribution offers a concise overview of research methodologies employed in the study of bilingualism and multilingualism over the past decade. Building on earlier contributions to the <jats:italic>Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics</jats:italic> , it identifies key methodological trends based on a systematic literature review. </jats:p> <jats:p>Three main orientations are outlined: (a) surveys and questionnaires, widely used to examine language use and proficiency—often in digital formats and incorporating both quantitative and qualitative elements; (b) experimental, predominantly quantitative methods, particularly within cognitive and psycholinguistics, including tools such as Stroop tasks and eye‐tracking to investigate language activation and control mechanisms; and (c) qualitative and ethnographic approaches that conceptualize multilingualism as lived experience. These often include innovative visual data collection methods such as photographs, drawings, and digital visualizations. In addition, the review highlights the emergence of interdisciplinary methodologies that combine geospatial tracking, audio sampling, and ethnographic interviews to capture the spatial and temporal dynamics of multilingual practices. Across these orientations, a growing shift toward mixed‐methods designs, digital innovation, and methodological creativity is evident. The article also underscores the increasing emphasis on multilingual, collaborative, and critical‐reflexive research practices, which aim to challenge linguistic and epistemic hierarchies and foster more equitable knowledge production within Applied Linguistics.</jats:p>