Participation Frameworks and Production Formats in the Analysis of Discourse and Interaction

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>In the analysis of discourse and interaction, participation frameworks and production formats are companion concepts introduced by Erving Goffman to capture the complex role structure of speaking and hearing in real‐time social encounters. When people interact through language, they do so in structured ways. Even exchanges that seem casual or unplanned reveal recurring patterns in how speakers and listeners coordinate their roles.</jats:p>